11 Things That You Didn't Know Were Invented By Indians
Sugar has been produced in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times. Indian discovered method of turning sugarcane juice into granulated crystals that were easier to store and to transport. India has always been a land of ingenuity but you might not be aware with everything that our beloved country has contributed to the world, have a look at our list and be prepared to be amazed.
1. E-mail
In 1979, as a high school student Shiva Ayyadurai developed a computer program for inter-office mail system. He named his program E-MAIL and copyrighted in 1982. And in the present time, no need to describe the use of e-mail.
2. Intel Pentium Chip and USB
Its looks like that we can't survive without computers and everyone known the contribution of Intel in the IT revolution. Who makes capable Intel to do so, India. Vinod Dham known as the father of the Pentium chip invented the first Intel Pentium chip. Universal Serial Bus (USB) technology also invented by an Indian, Ajay Bhatt.
3. Button
Buttons made from seashell were used in the Indus Valley Civilization for ornamental purpose by 2000 BCE. Some buttons were carved into geometric shapes and had holes pierced into them so that they could be attached to clothes with thread.
4. Wireless communications/Radio
Sir Jagdish Chandra bose was the inventor of the first radio waves for wireless communication in 1895.
5. Sugar
6. Cataract Surgery
The earlier form of Cataract Surgery, now known as 'couching', was first found in ancient India and then introduced to other countries by Indian physician Sushruta.
7. Water on the Moon
One of Independent India's most notable contributions to modern space exploration occurred between 2008 and 2009, with Chandrayaan-1, the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) first dedicated lunar mission. The Indian 'Moon Impact Probe' first detected the presence of lunar water.
8. Ruler
Rulers made of Ivory were first use by the Indus Valley Civilization period prior to 1500 BC.
9. Ink
The India ink used in ancient India since at least the 4th century BC was called 'Masi'. The Practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India.
10. Slide share
The world's largest slide-sharing website is the brainchild of Rashmi Sinha and her husband Jonathan Boutelle. The website was sold off to LinkedIn for a whopping 640 Crores.
11. Chess
The constitution of India has granted equal rights to every citizen of India. To provide a level playing field and to compensate for additional expenditure incurred by differently abled person and their family members certain benefits in form of additional deduction/tax concessions are granted.
8 benefits FM must consider for differently abled persons
To,
Hon'able Finance Minister- Mr. Arun Jaitley
Dear Sir,
Subject:-Benefits to be considered for differently abled in upcoming Budget 2015
As per estimates more than eighty million people in India suffer from some or the other form of disabilities. Approximately ten million out of this eighty is independent while the rest is dependent on their family members for their basic necessities including recurring medical and rehabilitation expenses. The Government of India has provided various concessions and reservations to empower such differently abled persons and their families.
The constitution of India has granted equal rights to every citizen of India. To provide a level playing field and to compensate for additional expenditure incurred by differently abled person and their family members certain benefits in form of additional deduction/tax concessions are granted. The government revises the basic exemption limit every year. However, deductions/concessions for the differently abled have not been reviewed since the last decade. The same requires fresh consideration in light of rising inflation and high increase in cost of medical facilities. We request the Finance Minister to review the below mentioned provisions in the upcoming Budget in Feb 2015:
1. Increase in deduction granted under Section 80U and 80DD
At present, a person with atleast 40% disability can claim a deduction of Rs 50,000/- and a person with severe disability of 80% or more can claim a deduction of Rs. 1,00,000/-under section 80U. The limit for person suffering with 40% disability has not been revised since 2004. We request you to increase the limit to Rs 2,00,000/- and Rs 3,00,000/- for person suffering with 40% disability and 80% disability, respectively. Similarly, we request you to increase the limits under section 80DD to Rs 3,00,000/- so that a family member of differently abled person can be benefited.
2. Increase in deduction under Section 80DBB
Presently, a person or family member who pays for the medical treatment of differently abled person or for one who is suffering from an ailment is allowed a deduction of Rs 40,000/- (Rs 60,000/- in case of senior citizen). This section was introduced in the year 1997 and additional limits for senior citizen were introduced in the year 1999. However, the same have not been reviewed till date. We request you to consider revising the limits to Rs 2,00,000/- and Rs 3,00,000 for senior citizens.
3. Increase in Exemption for Transport allowance Section 10(14) read with rule 2BB
Presently, transport allowance of Rs 1600/- per month is granted to employees who are blind or orthopedically handicapped with disabilities in lower extremities since 1999. However, no revision has been made since then. Further, you may appreciate that the public transport in India is not friendly enough for the differently able. Considering the same we request you to increase the limit of transport allowance to Rs 5000/- per month.
4. Additional Avenues of Tax concession for minor child
At present, income of a minor child is not clubbed under Section 64 if such minor child is suffering from any form of disability specified in section 80U. Given the current trend of nuclear families with one child, a parent finds it difficult to ensure adequate funds are saved for the future of such a child. In this regard, we request you to grant an additional exemption of Rs 1,00,000/- for investments made by parents on behalf of a child suffering from severe disability.
5. Insurance coverage under section 10(d):
In the Finance Bill of 2013, it was provided that exemption will be given for sum received under any life insurance where premium payable is not more than 15% a year.We request you to consider a larger view and provide additional deduction of Rs 50,000/- per year for insurance taken for differently abled person and encourage LIC and other insurance companies to simplify the rules for such people.
6. Scheme for private sector to encourage employment for differently abled
The Government of India has introduced a scheme in the year 2008 which directly provides for EPF and ESCI for employees who are disabled, if they are appointed by private sector with some conditions. The scheme has encouraged only few hundreds of private sector to employee such person with disability compared to initial target of one lakh a year. We request you to provide for EPF and ESCI for all differently abled employed by private sector without any condition.
7. Simplify process for availing Custom and Excise exemption
The Central Government provides various exemptions like excise exemption for vehicles which are used by differently abled, custom duty exemption in case of import of aids and appliances which are used by differently abled etc. The process to avail these exemptions are very cumbersome and time consuming, so most of the individuals are not able to avail these benefits. We strongly request you to simplify these process and rules such that the differently able can avail such benefits.
8. Making India Accessible
Accessibility is one of the basic issue in India. Most places in India are not accessible by wheelchair users. It is very difficult to attend school, colleges and public places, including government offices, public transport and tourist place in a wheelchair. Even most of the websites of the Government are not accessible for differently abled. We request you to allocate Rs 1000 Crore as part of the budget in first year to make India wheelchair accessible.
Join our efforts to provide equally opportunity to every citizen of our country. Sign the petition and share !!
Attention has been drawn to certain issues raised on the certification work done by the members of the profession in the report of Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG) entitled 'Appreciation of Third Party (Chartered Accountant) Reporting in Assessment proceedings' (Report No. 32 of 2014).
ICAI will act against members signing Tax Audit Report more than prescribed limit
Attention has been drawn to certain issues raised on the certification work done by the members of the profession in the report of Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG) entitled 'Appreciation of Third Party (Chartered Accountant) Reporting in Assessment proceedings' (Report No. 32 of 2014).
The issues raised in said report were deliberated in the recent meeting of the Council held from 23rd to 25th December, 2014. The Council was of the view that:
1. Issues raised in the report be studied for initiating a structured and meaningful dialogue with the office of C&AG.
2. Necessary steps be initiated against the erring members wherever any act of professional misconduct is observed.
3. Refer details of all such members to the Disciplinary Directorate, who are said to have done Tax Audit, under section 44AB of the Income Tax Act, 1961, more than the limit prescribed by the Institute.
4. Develop an IT based system in coordination with the authorities concerned especially to obtain the report of total numbers of Tax Audit done by each member to find out the details of the members not adhering to the Institute's guidelines.
5. Call for such information, as required, from the members invoking authority under the relevant provisions of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and Regulations/ Rules framed thereunder.
6. Keep the communication channels updated especially with the stakeholders so as to protect the interest of the profession.
7. Create a Special Cell with proper staff to deal with these matters in an urgent manner.
V. Sagar
Acting Secretary
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Acting Secretary
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
27th December, 2014 (Souirce – ICAI)
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